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Understanding Investment Returns

Investment returns come from two sources: capital growth (the increase in the value of your investments) and income (dividends or interest). Long-term returns from a globally diversified stock market portfolio have historically averaged around 7-10% per year before inflation.

Typical Return Assumptions

For planning purposes: Cash / savings accounts (4-5% in 2025), bonds (3-5%), balanced portfolio (5-7%), global equity index fund (6-9%), single country/sector funds (variable, higher risk). Always use conservative assumptions for financial planning.

The Impact of Fees

Annual management charges (AMC) can significantly erode long-term returns. A 1% annual charge reduces a £100,000 investment growing at 7% over 20 years by approximately £80,000 versus a 0.15% tracker fund. Always compare total ongoing charges (OCF) when selecting funds.